She became unwell at the finishing line on St Patrick's Street at around 1pm after completing the half marathon.
She was treated at the scene by medics before being rushed by ambulance to Cork University Hospital.
Ms Cassidy was pronounced dead at the hospital a short time later.
She was a well-known swimmer with Dolphin Swimming Club and represented Ireland at the European Youth Olympics in 2015 and the European Junior Championships in 2018.
She also represented Ireland at international schools level and was on the Mardyke Arena UCC Emerging Talent Programme in 2018.
In a statement, the Cork City Marathon organisers said: “Cork City Council is deeply saddened to confirm that a participant in the Cork City Marathon has tragically passed away.
"The person was attended to immediately by the emergency services on the scene. Our deepest condolences go out to the family and friends of the deceased.”
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